tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28101197192830834582024-03-08T03:23:10.070-08:00Iszieylyanziey IstiqomahIszieylyanziey Istiqomah is Education and Science Blogging for All People WorldMek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comBlogger21125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-36780053969371083912019-11-15T21:27:00.002-08:002019-11-15T21:27:11.747-08:00Sustainable Development Goals and Their Background<b>Sustainable Development Goals And Their Background</b><br />
Sustainable Development Goals, abbreviated as SDGs, or in the World known as the Sustainable Development Goals, are 17 goals with 169 organized achievements set by the United Nations in the world development agenda for the benefit of humans and planet Earth. The goal was announced by the intergovernmental countries in the UN resolution which was issued October 21, 2015 with the aim of joint development ambitions until 2030. The goal is a continuation / replacement of the Millennium Development Goals signed by leaders from 189 countries as the Millennium Declaration at the headquarters The United Nations in 2000 and has not been reinstated since 2015.<br />
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Background on Sustainable Development Goals<br />
The new sustainable development plan has been made in response to the demands of world leadership in overcoming poverty, inequality and climate change with concrete forms of action. The concept of the Sustainable Development Goals was born at the UN Sustainable Development Conference, Rio + 20, 2012 with the setting of targets that can be applied universally and can be measured in balancing 3 dimensions of sustainable development, namely social, environmental and economic.<br />
The agenda in 2030 is 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SGD) or Global Goals, which will guide funding and policies for the next 15 years (2030).<br />
In order to turn these demands into action, world leaders met at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, on September 25, 2015 to start the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda.<br />
This objective was devised since 19 July 2014 and submitted to the UN General Assembly by the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals. In the proposal there are 17 objectives with achievements that cover the issue of sustainable development. These include alleviating poverty and hunger, education, improving health, tackling climate change, sustainable city development, and protecting the sea and forests.<br />
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Sustainable Development Goals<br />
In August 2015, 193 countries agreed on the following 17 goals:<br />
Without Poverty<br />
Elimination of all types of poverty in all places.<br />
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Without starvation<br />
End hunger to achieve food security and to improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.<br />
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Prosperous and healthy life<br />
Supporting well-being and promoting healthy living for all ages.<br />
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Quality education<br />
Encourage lifelong learning opportunities and ensure quality education that is appropriate and inclusive for everyone.<br />
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Gender equality<br />
Empower all women and achieve gender equality.<br />
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Clean water and proper sanitation<br />
Guaranteeing access to water and sanitation for all.<br />
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Clean and affordable energy<br />
Ensuring access to reliable, affordable, modern and sustainable energy for all.<br />
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Decent work and economic growth<br />
Promote sustainable economic growth and employment and decent work for all.<br />
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Industry, innovation and infrastructure<br />
Promote sustainable industrialization, build strong infrastructure and encourage innovation.<br />
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Reduced gap<br />
Reducing the gap between countries and within.<br />
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Cities and communities are sustainable<br />
Making cities safe, inclusive, strong and sustainable.<br />
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Responsible consumption and production<br />
Ensuring sustainable production and consumption patterns<br />
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Handling climate change<br />
Take important steps to fight climate change and its effects.<br />
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Marine ecosystems<br />
Sustainable use and protection of oceans, seas and marine resources<br />
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Terrestrial ecosystems<br />
Maintaining forests sustainably, stopping and repairing land damage, fighting land conversion to desert, stopping biodiversity extinction.<br />
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Peace, justice and resilient institutions<br />
Encouraging a just, peaceful and inclusive society<br />
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Partnership to achieve goals<br />
Reviving global cooperation for sustainable development.Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-48267845631365540762019-11-15T21:19:00.002-08:002019-11-15T21:19:10.449-08:00Examples of Economic Development<b>Examples of Economic Development</b><br />
Economic Development Factors<br />
Some things affect development and economic growth, but basically they can be grouped into two, such as economic and non-economic factors.<br />
Things that can affect development and economic growth include HR, natural resources, and entrepreneurship and expertise.<br />
Natural resources (HR), namely natural resources such as land, soil fertility, forest products, climate / weather conditions, sea products, and mining, are very influential in the growth of a country's industry, especially in terms of providing raw materials for production.<br />
Entrepreneurship and expertise are needed as the processing of raw materials from nature into something that has high value (also known as the production process).<br />
Human resources (SDA) also determine the success of national development through the number and quality of products. A very large population is a very potential market for marketing products, while the quality of the population determines how much productivity there is.<br />
Non-economic factors include social conditions that exist in society, institutions, political situations, and systems that develop and apply in society.<br />
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Differences in Economic Growth and Economic Development<br />
Economic growth<br />
The process of rising per capita products in the long run.<br />
Do not pay attention to income distribution.<br />
Pay no attention to population growth<br />
Not necessarily able to improve people's lives.<br />
Economic growth is not necessarily accompanied by economic development<br />
Each input can produce more output<br />
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Economic Development<br />
A process of constant change towards improvement, including efforts to improve per capita products.<br />
Paying attention to equitable distribution of income, including equitable development and its results.<br />
Record population growth.<br />
Improve the standard of living of the community.<br />
Economic development is always accompanied by economic growth.<br />
Every input besides producing more output has also occurred changes in institutional and technical knowledge.<br />
Positive and Negative Impacts of Economic Development<br />
Positive Impacts of Economic Development<br />
Through economic development, the implementation of economic activities will run more smoothly and be able to accelerate the process of economic growth.<br />
Their economic development is made possible by the creation of jobs needed by the community, thereby reducing unemployment.<br />
Job creation due to their direct economic development can increase the level of national income.<br />
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The Negative Impacts of Economic Development<br />
Their economic development is not well planned causing environmental damage.<br />
Industrialization results in the reduction of agricultural land.Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-76147163218540842822019-11-15T21:18:00.002-08:002019-11-15T21:18:32.484-08:00Economic Development: Positive and Negative Impacts<b>Economic Development: Positive and Negative Impacts</b><br />
Definition of Economic Development<br />
Economic development is a process of an increase in total income and income per capita by taking into account the increase in a population and the fundamental changes in the economic structure in a country and the increase in income for the people in a country.<br />
An economic development can not be separated from economic growth, it can encourage economic growth, and vice versa, economic growth can facilitate a process of economic development.<br />
The purpose of economic growth is a process of increasing the capacity of an economy that has been realized in the form of an increase in national income. In a country it can be said to experience economic growth if there is an increase in the real SNP in a country. With economic growth is an indication of the success of a country's economic development.<br />
The difference between the two is the economic growth of the success of quantitative changes, meaning that there is an increase in the standard of income and the level of output output that has been produced, while with economic development is more qualitative, not only an increase in production, but a change in the production structure and input allocation to various economic sector, for example knowledge, institutions, engineering, and social.<br />
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Development as a process<br />
A development can be interpreted as a process, with the meaning that development is tahao that must be undertaken for all people or nations. For example, humans from birth, do not immediately become adults, but to become an adult must go through stages of growth. Likewise, every nation must undergo the stages of development to be a prosperous, just, and prosperous condition.<br />
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Development as an effort to increase per capita income<br />
As an effort, development is an active action that must be carried out or carried out by a nation or state in increasing per capita income. With that, it takes the role of all people, governments and all elements in a country to always actively participate in development. This was done because the increase in per capita income reflected improvements in a people's welfare.<br />
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The increase in income per capita must take place in the long term<br />
The economy can be said to develop if per capita income in the long run tends to increase. that right does not mean that per capita income must increase continuously. For example, in a country where natural disasters strike, the country's economy will suffer a setback. However, this situation was only temporary, the most important thing for the country was that its economic activities experienced an average increase from year to year.Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-58751171975323418042019-11-15T21:16:00.002-08:002019-11-15T21:16:14.880-08:00European Economic Community: Definition & (History - Purpose)<b>European Economic Community: Definition & (History - Purpose)</b><br />
World War II, Europe experienced poverty and division, efforts to unite Europe have been carried out, but its success depends on two large countries, namely France and West Germany.<br />
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"European Economic Community" Definition & (History - Purpose)<br />
The European Economic Community "EEC" is a regional organization that aims to unite the economies of its member countries. This organization was formed through the Rome agreement in 1957.<br />
After the "EU" European Union was formed in 1993, the MEE was united and renamed the European Community "EC", in 2009, all ME institutions were merged into the European Union.<br />
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MEE History<br />
These institutions on July 1, 1967 merged into one organization namely the European Community "ME" and then in 1993 became the European Union "European Union".<br />
Initially the activities of the European Union were limited to trade, but in line with the increase in membership, EU activities developed not only in trade but in broader fields such as taxation, industry, agriculture and politics. This effort is continued by forming a joint market which is an agreement to remove obstacles to the mobility of factors of production among fellow EU members.<br />
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The Purpose of Establishing EEC Organizations<br />
In this regard, the MEE emphasized its objectives, including:<br />
European integration by establishing economic cooperation, improving living standards and expanding employment.<br />
Promote trade and ensure free competition and balance of trade between member countries.<br />
Remove all obstacles that hamper the speed of international trade.<br />
Expanding relations with countries other than EEC members.<br />
To realize its goal, EEC formed a common European market "Comman Market", uniform tariffs and freedom of movement in terms of labor, goods, and capital.<br />
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EEC Member Countries<br />
For this case, the EU members consist of 27 countries: Ireland, England, France, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, Australia, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Poland, Czech, Hungary, Slovenia, Cyprus, Malta, Slovakia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and Portugal.<br />
Thus the discussion about the "European Economic Community" Definition & (History - Purpose) hopefully with this review can add insight and knowledge of you all, thank you very much for your visit.Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-22078552407655791072019-11-15T21:14:00.002-08:002019-11-15T21:14:12.019-08:00The Types of catalysts and Touch Surface Area<b>The Types of catalysts and Touch Surface Area</b><br />
In solids that react are atoms or molecules on the surface, while atoms or molecules on the inside are closed from the outside, so they cannot react. The number of 'faces' on the outside is called the surface area. The more surface area of the reagent, the greater the chance to react so that the reaction rate will also be faster. (Endang Widjajanti).<br />
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Surface Area Touch<br />
The touch surface area affects the reaction rate. The greater the touch surface area, the faster the reaction.<br />
The effect of the touch surface area is related to whether or not the reactant particles meet. If the surface area of the touch increases, the particles more easily meet so that the number of effective collisions will increase, so that the reaction rate also increases.<br />
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Catalyst<br />
A catalyst is a substance added to a reaction with the intention of increasing the reaction rate. catalysts are sometimes involved in reactions but do not undergo permanent chemical changes. therefore their presence is usually marked by a notation above the reaction arrow. in other words at the end of the reaction, the catalyst will be found again in the same form and amount as before the reaction. the success or failure of a commercial process to produce a compound often depends on the use of a suitable catalyst. an increase in temperature is one way to increase the fraction of molecules that have energy exceeding the activation energy. Another way that does not require an increase in temperature is to get a reaction path with lower activation energy. (petrucci, 1987)<br />
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Catalyst<br />
The role of the catalyst in influencing the reaction rate is related to the reactivation energy, Ea. The catalyst used to accelerate the reaction provides an alternative reaction mechanism with a lower value of Ea compared to the catalyst without reaction Ea. With a lower Ea, more particles have enough kinetic energy to overcome this low Ea obstacle. this causes the number of effective collisions will increase, so the reaction rate will also increase.<br />
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The types of catalysts are:<br />
Homogeneous catalyst<br />
Is a catalyst whose form is the same as the form of its reactants.<br />
In chemical reactions, homogeneous catalysts function as intermediaries (facilitators).<br />
Example :<br />
NO2 gas catalyst in the manufacture of SO3 gas.<br />
Cl2 gas catalyst on decomposition N2O<br />
Heterogeneous catalyst<br />
Is a catalyst whose form is different from the shape of the reactants.<br />
The reaction of substances involving this type of catalyst takes place on the surface of the catalyst.<br />
Example :<br />
Ni metal catalyst in the hydrogenation of ethene (C2H4).<br />
Metal catalyst Rodium or Iridium in the process of making ethanoic acid.<br />
Ni metal catalyst in the process of making butter.<br />
Metal catalyst V2O5 in the reaction of making sulfuric acid (Contact process).<br />
Fe metal catalysts in ammonia-making reactions (Haber-Bosch process)<br />
Biocatalyst (enzyme).<br />
Is a catalyst that can accelerate chemical reactions in the body of living things.<br />
The mechanism of action is the "lock and lock" method, popularized by Emil Fischer.<br />
Example :<br />
Amylase enzymes = help hydrolyze starch to maltose.<br />
Catalase = breaks down H2O2 into O2 and H2O<br />
Lipase enzyme = breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids.<br />
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AutoCatalyst<br />
Is a reaction substance that functions as a catalyst. That is, the reaction products formed will accelerate chemical reactions.<br />
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Example :<br />
The reaction between potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and oxalic acid (H2C2O4) is one of the results of the reaction in the form of manganese sulfate (MnSO4).<br />
The longer, the reaction rate will be faster because the formed MnSO4 serves as a catalyst.<br />
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Collision Theory<br />
A substance can react with other substances if the particles collide with each other. The collision that occurs will produce energy to start the reaction. The occurrence of collisions is caused by particles of matter always moving in an irregular direction. Collisions between reacting particles do not always produce reactions. Only collisions that produce enough energy and the right direction of the collision can produce a reaction. Collisions like this are called effective collisions.Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-57000551106060107142019-11-15T21:13:00.002-08:002019-11-15T21:13:08.496-08:00The Overall Rate of a Chemical Reaction Generally<b>The Overall Rate of a Chemical Reaction Generally</b><br />
The overall rate of a chemical reaction generally increases if the concentration of a reactant is or is increased. The relationship between rate and concentration can be obtained from experimental data. The reaction rate can be directly proportional to [A] x and [B] y. The Law of Reaction Rate is an equation that relates the reaction rate to the molar concentration or partial pressure of a reactant with the appropriate rank. The rate = a constant multiplied by a function of concentration or partial pressure of reaction. For the example of the reaction above, it can be written in the form of a reaction rate law or a reaction rate equation.<br />
The reaction rate is the reduction in the amount of the concentration of the reactants for each unit of time or the increase in the amount of the concentration of the reaction product for each unit of time.<br />
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There are 4 factors that affect the rate of reaction, namely:<br />
Concentration<br />
Concentration affects the rate of the reaction, because the number of particles allows more collisions, and that opens up the opportunity for more effective collisions to produce change. (Purwanti Widhy Hastuti).<br />
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Concentration<br />
The concentration of reagents affects the rate of reaction. The higher the concentration of reagents, the faster the reaction rate<br />
The effect of concentration is also related to the number of particles involved in the collision. If the concentration of reagents increases, the number of particles will increase. Thus, these particles actually get closer and the number of effective collisions will also increase, thereby increasing the rate of reaction.<br />
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Temperature<br />
the temperature of the rate of a chemical reaction increases with increasing temperature. with rising temperatures, not only do molecules collide more frequently, but they also collide with greater impacts, because they move faster. At elevated temperatures, the percentage of collisions that result in chemical reactions will be greater, because more molecules which has greater speed and therefore has enough energy to act. (Keenan, 1984).<br />
The effect of temperature on the reaction rate is related to the value of the kinetic energy of the particles. If the temperature is raised, the kinetic energy of the particles will increase. Thus, more particles will have a minimum kinetic energy ≥ Ea. This causes the number of effective collisions to increase, so the reaction rate increases. This is shown in the following image:Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-57066707572722364462019-11-15T21:12:00.002-08:002019-11-15T21:12:18.067-08:00Factors Affecting the Reaction Rate<b>Factors Affecting the Reaction Rate</b><br />
Understanding Reaction Rate<br />
The reaction rate can be defined as a change in the concentration of reagents or the product of time unity. This means that there is a reduction in the concentration of reagents or increase the concentration of the product per unit of time (Keenan, 1990). Reaction rate or reaction rate is the rate or rate of reduction of reactants or the formation of reaction products that can be expressed in units (concentrations per time) mol / L / s (for liquid and solid substances), or atm / s (for gaseous substances). Reaction speed is the number of moles / liters of a substance that can be turned into another substance in each unit of time. The equation for the reaction rate is;<br />
V = K [A] [B] 2<br />
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Where V is the reaction rate, K is the reaction rate constant and [A] [B] is the concentration of the reacting substance. The rank value expresses the coefficient of the substance or order of the reaction. Reaction order means describing the level of reaction or the relationship between concentration and speed (Petrucci, 1985).<br />
The reaction rate equation has two main applications, namely practical application and theoretical application. It is said for practical application is where the equation of reaction rate and reaction rate constants are known, it can be predicted the reaction rate of a mixture composition, while the theoretical application is where the equation rate is used to determine the reaction mechanism (Atkins, 1990).<br />
The rate of reaction is measured, often proportional to the reactant concentration of a power. For example, the rate is proportional to the concentrations of the two reactants A and B, so that;<br />
V = K [A] [B] 2<br />
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The coefficient K is called a rate constant that does not depend on concentration but depends on temperature. This kind of equation that is formed experimentally is called the law of reaction rate. Formally, the law of rate is an equation that states the rate of reaction V as a function of the concentration of all existing species including products (Atkins, 1990).<br />
The rate of reaction is also called the coefficient of rate or rate of type reaction, with k (constant). The rate constant is the ratio constant between the reaction rate and the result times the concentration of the species that affects the reaction rate. The rate constant is also a change in the concentration of reactants or reaction products per unit time in a reaction if the concentration of all reactants is equal to one.Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-75292579801760797602019-11-15T21:03:00.002-08:002019-11-15T21:03:58.539-08:00Understanding and Weaknesses of Mixed Economic Systems<b>Understanding and Weaknesses of Mixed Economic Systems</b><br />
Understanding, Characteristics, Strengths and Weaknesses of Mixed Economic Systems and Their Complete Examples - Do you know what is meant by a mixed economic system ??? If you don't know it, you are absolutely right to visit gurupendukasi.com. Because here will be a complete review of the understanding of the mixed economic system, the characteristics of a mixed economic system, the strengths and weaknesses of a mixed economic system, along with a complete example. For that, let's look at the reviews below.<br />
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Understanding Mixed Economic Systems<br />
Mixed economic system is an economic system that seeks to reduce the weaknesses that arise in the centralized economic system and the market economy system. In a mixed economic system the government cooperates with the private sector in carrying out an economic activity.<br />
Mixed Economic System is an economic system that combines more than one aspect of the economic system. Usually, in a mixed economy there is a mixture of elements of capitalism and socialism.<br />
Examples of countries that apply a mixed economic system include developing countries, such as Malaysia, India, the Philippines, Egypt and Morocco and so on.<br />
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The Characteristics of a Mixed Economic System<br />
The characteristics of a mixed economic system are the characteristics of a mixed economic system. The characteristics of a mixed economic system are as follows:<br />
The government is active in an economic activity<br />
The economic plan is determined by the government which applies to the private sector<br />
In vital resources controlled by the government<br />
The type and amount of goods produced is determined by market mechanisms<br />
Private given a freedom within the limits set by the government<br />
Private rights are recognized so as not to interfere with the public interest.<br />
The emergence of a competition with direct control from the government.<br />
Government intervention in economic activities taking place in the market.<br />
The government develops plans, regulations and determines policies in the economic field<br />
The role of government and the role of the private sector are the same.<br />
Advantages of a Mixed Economic System<br />
In individual rights recognized<br />
In determining prices in the economy more controlled<br />
In the economy sector which is controlled by the government is directed to the interests of the community<br />
A freedom of effort<br />
Guaranteed economic stability<br />
The government pays attention to medium and small business sectors<br />
The Weakness of the Mixed Economic System<br />
The burden on the government is heavier than the private sector<br />
The private sector is not maximizing a profitMek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-85102692268172438672019-11-15T21:01:00.005-08:002019-11-15T21:01:55.131-08:00Analysis of Fund Sources and Their Uses<b>Analysis of Fund Sources and Their Uses</b><br />
Analysis of sources of funds or analysis of funds is very important for financial management. This analysis is useful to find out how the funds are used and the origin of these funds. A report describing the source of funds and the use of funds. Analysis tools that can be used to determine the condition and financial performance of a company are ratio and proportional analysis.<br />
The first step in the analysis of sources and uses of funds is a change report prepared on the basis of two balance sheets for two time periods. The report illustrates the changes in each of these elements that reflect the source or use of funds. In general, the calculated financial ratios can be grouped into six types, namely:<br />
Liquidity Ratio, this ratio is to measure a company's ability to meet its short-term financial obligations.<br />
Leverage Ratio, this ratio is used to measure how much funds are supplied by company owners in proportion to the funds obtained from the company's creditors.<br />
Activity Ratio, this ratio is used to measure the effectiveness of management in using its resources. All activity ratios involve a comparison between the level of sales and investment in various types of assets.<br />
Profitability Ratio, this ratio is used to measure the effectiveness of management as seen from the profits generated against the company's sales and investments.<br />
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Growth Ratio, this ratio is used to measure how well the company maintains its economic position of economic and industrial growth.<br />
Valuation Ratio, this ratio is the most complete measure of company performance because it reflects the combination of the effect of the risk ratio with the ratio of return.<br />
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Corporate Finance<br />
The company is an institution (organization) that manages business activities (business) and is oriented to making a profit. In every organization the company has various aspects such as marketing, production, human resources and finance, all of these aspects must be managed (managed) properly so as to achieve the objectives of the company establishment. One aspect that must be managed is the financial aspect of the company through the application of corporate finance management.<br />
In understanding company finances it is necessary to distinguish clearly the differences between owner's finances and company finances. The shareholder's finances are in the owner's household while the company's finances are in the firm's household which is strictly separated.<br />
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Company Financial Report<br />
Periodically (months / years) the company must make financial reports. The company's financial statements consist of a balance sheet, an income statement and an income statement. The company's financial statements are very important because through the financial statements various parties, both internal and external, the company will be able to assess the company's performance during a certain period.<br />
The parties concerned with the company's financial statements include; management, owners, creditors as well as the government and other parties that have an interest in the company.<br />
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Balance sheet (Balance sheet)<br />
A balance sheet is a statement of financial position at a particular time consisting of wealth (assets), liabilities and equity.<br />
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Assets consist of;<br />
Current assets are assets that have a turnover period of less than one accounting period (one year)<br />
Fixed assets or long-term assets (Fixed assets and long-term assets) are assets that have a turnover period of more than one accounting period (one year).<br />
Other assets are assets that cannot be categorized as current assets or fixed assets above, for example patents, good will, long-term investment securities.<br />
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Obligations consist of;<br />
Current liabilities are liabilities / debts to be paid in the current year, such as trade payables, fee debts, bank loans that are due etc.<br />
Long-term obligations / debt, that is, debt that has a term of more than one year.<br />
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Equity<br />
Equity is the net worth of the company which is the right of the owner of the company and is often referred to as own capital.<br />
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Loss / Profit (Income statement)<br />
The Profit / Loss Report is a report on a company's operating activities consisting of receipts reduced by all expenses (costs) within a certain period.<br />
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Cash Flow<br />
Cash flow statements describe cash receipts and disbursements for a certain period (usually one year). Cash flow consists of; Cash flow from operations and cash flow from fundingMek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-77384466124104008892019-11-15T21:01:00.002-08:002019-11-15T21:01:16.444-08:00Accountability is a Legal and Moral Obligation<b>Accountability is a Legal and Moral Obligation</b><br />
Accountability is a legal and moral obligation inherent in each individual, group or company in presenting an explanation regarding how financial management has been given by a third party.<br />
Each party must provide an explanation of the utilization of resources and what has been agreed so that everything works with good transparency.<br />
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Transparency<br />
Transparency is a principle of openness in presenting information about plans and all activities for those who have an interest, including financial statements that are reasonable, complete, accurate, timely, that can be easily accessed.<br />
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Viability<br />
Viability is a principle that emphasizes the safeguarding of a company's finances in terms of operational expenses which must be adjusted to the available finances.<br />
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Integrity<br />
The principle of integrity has the intention that each individual must have a level of integrity that is qualified in an effort to carry out operational activities.<br />
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Accounting Standards<br />
Accounting standards are accounting system principles that emphasize the standardization of principles and accounting standards that have been applied with the aim of understanding financial statements so that they are easy to understand.<br />
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Main Duties of Financial Management<br />
The main tasks of financial management include decisions about investment, financing business activities and dividend distribution of a company, thus the task of financial managers is to plan to maximize the value of the company.<br />
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Other important activities that must be carried out by financial managers involve four aspects, namely:<br />
First, namely in planning and forecasting, where financial managers must cooperate with other managers who are responsible for the general planning of the company.<br />
Second, financial managers must focus on various investment and financing decisions, as well as all matters related to them.<br />
Third, financial managers must cooperate with other managers in the company so that the company can operate as efficiently as possible.<br />
Fourth, regarding the use of financial markets and capital markets, financial managers connect companies with financial markets, where funds can be obtained and company securities can be traded.<br />
From these four aspects it can be concluded that the main task of financial managers is related to investment and financing decisions.<br />
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Financial Management Activities<br />
Financial management is related to 3 activities, namely:<br />
Funds use activities, namely activities to invest funds in various assets. Fund allocation in the form of:<br />
Financial assets (financial assets), namely a piece of valuable paper that has market value because it has the right to obtain income, for example: shares, certificates of deposit, or bonds.<br />
Real assets (real assets) that is real assets: land, buildings, equipment.<br />
Funding activities, namely activities to obtain sources of funds, both from internal funding sources and external sources of company funds.<br />
Asset management activities, that is, after funds have been obtained and allocated in the form of assets, funds must be managed as efficiently as possible.Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-17253549041974895002019-11-15T21:00:00.002-08:002019-11-15T21:00:23.983-08:00Understanding Financial Management According to Experts<b>Understanding Financial Management According to Experts</b><br />
Financial management is an activity which consists of planning, auditing, budgeting, controlling, making a living, and depositing funds owned by a company or organization.<br />
Economists give their views on the concept of financial management, including:<br />
Bambang Ryanto<br />
Financial management is an activity carried out by an economic / company institution that is closely related to the business of obtaining funds needed at the smallest cost with favorable requirements and efforts to utilize funds effectively and efficiently.<br />
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Liehman<br />
Financial Management is an effort to provide money and utilize it to obtain assets (assets)<br />
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James Van Horne<br />
Financial management is any activity that is closely related to the efforts of obtaining funds and manageralizing assets (assets) with overall objectives<br />
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Development of Financial Management<br />
Financial discipline has evolved from a descriptive discipline to become more analytical and theoretical. This development is due to the many contributions of economists in the formulation of financial theories such as the concept of capital budgeting by incorporating theories about money interest (time value of money), portfolio theory and others.<br />
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Financial Management Function<br />
The functions of financial management include:<br />
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Financial planning<br />
The first stage is financial planning. Some things that need to be done are compile income plans, arrange expenses, and other activities within a certain period.<br />
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Financial Budgeting<br />
In an effort to financially budget, what needs to be done is to make income and expenditure details.<br />
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Financial Management<br />
In managing finances, the maximum use of funds from economic institutions / companies is done in various ways that might be done<br />
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Financial Search<br />
At this point includes efforts to find and exploit sources of funds that are used for operational activities of the company.<br />
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Financial Storage<br />
In an effort to save money, what is done is to collect company funds and store / secure these funds.<br />
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Financial Control<br />
Financial control is evaluating and improving financial systems that have defects in them.<br />
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Audit<br />
Financial audits are carried out by internal auditing of the financial system implemented by the company in anticipation of irregularities.<br />
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Finance report<br />
Financial reporting is very important as an effort to provide information about the financial condition of economic institutions / companies, especially as evaluation material.<br />
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Financial Management Objectives<br />
The purpose of financial management is to optimize with regard to the company's value. If in the future the company's assets will be sold, the price can be adjusted to the ideal price.<br />
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Principles of Financial Management<br />
Financial management is one of the most essential parts in all matters relating to economic activities. Technically, financial management is imbued with various principles. This principle is referred to as the principle of financial management. Some of these principles include:<br />
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Consistency<br />
Consistency is a principle in conformity between the system and financial policies within the company in terms of standardized and standardized planning. Inconsistent financial approaches will potentially lead to undesirable things such as financial manipulation and such.<br />
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Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-88362375150210033862019-11-15T20:56:00.005-08:002019-11-15T20:56:48.933-08:00Definition, Objectives, Roles, Duties of Central Banks<b>Definition, Objectives, Roles, Duties of Central Banks</b><br />
Understanding, Objectives, Roles, Functions, and Duties of the Central Bank and Its Functions in Complete<br />
Do you know what is meant by the central bank ??? If you don't know it, you are absolutely right to visit gurupendukasi.com. Because here will be a complete review of the central bank's understanding, objectives, roles and duties and their functions in full. For that, let's look at the reviews below.<br />
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Understanding Central Bank<br />
The Central Bank is a financial body, which is generally owned by the government, and ensures that the activities of these financial institutions can create a high and stable level of economic activity.<br />
The central bank in the World, the World Bank (BI). According to RI Law NO.3 of 2004 concerning changes to the Act. No.3 of 23 of 1999 concerning the World Bank, the World Bank is an independent state institution in carrying out its duties and authorities, free from the influence of the government and or other parties, except for matters expressly regulated in the law.<br />
The World Bank as a central bank that aims to achieve and maintain stability of the rupiah. To achieve this goal, the World Bank carries out a monetary policy that is continuous, consistent, transparent, and must consider general government policies in the economic field.<br />
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History of the Central Bank<br />
Long before the arrival of the western nation, the archipelago had become the center of international trade. While in mainland Europe, mercantilism has developed into an industrial revolution and caused rapid European trade activities. That was when simple banking institutions emerged, such as Bank van Leening in the Netherlands. This banking system was then brought by the western nations who were expanding the archipelago at the same time.<br />
The VOC in Java in 1746 founded De Bank van Leening which later became De Bank Courant en Bank van Leening in 1752. The bank was the first bank that was born in the archipelago, the forerunner of the banking world in the future. On January 24, 1828, the Dutch East Indies government established a circulation bank called De Javasche Bank (DJB). For decades the bank operated and developed based on an octroi from the ruler of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, until finally enacted DJB Wet 1922.<br />
The Japanese occupation period had temporarily stopped the activities of the DJB and the Dutch East Indies banking. Then the revolutionary period arrived, the Dutch East Indies experienced a dualism of power, between the World Republic (RI) and the Nederlandsche Indische Civil Administrative (NICA). Banking was also divided into two, the DJB and the Dutch banks in the NICA region while the "World Bank Poesat Service" and the World State Bank in the Republic of Indonesia.<br />
The Round Table Conference (KMB) of 1949 put an end to the conflict of the World and the Netherlands. DJB was later established as the central bank for the United Republic of the United States (RIS). This status continues to survive until the return of RI in the unitary state. Next as a sovereign nation and state, RI nationalized its central bank. Then since July 1, 1953 DJB changed to become the World Bank, the central bank for the World Republic.Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-36190661688702362372019-11-15T20:56:00.002-08:002019-11-15T20:56:18.604-08:00The purpose of the Central Bank<b>The purpose of the Central Bank</b><br />
The sole purpose of the central bank (BI) is to achieve and maintain the stability of the value of the rupiah, which is reflected in the inflation rate and the development of the rupiah exchange rate against foreign currencies. The instrument used to achieve and maintain the stability of the rupiah's value can be referred to by the task of the World Bank as a central bank.<br />
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The Role of the Central Bank<br />
The role of the central bank (BI) is to achieve and maintain the stability of the value of the rupiah, which is reflected in the inflation rate and the development of the rupiah exchange rate against foreign currencies. The instrument used to achieve and maintain the stability of the rupiah's value can be referred to by the task of the World Bank as a central bank.<br />
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Central Bank Function<br />
The function of the central bank is regulated in Law No. 23 of 1999 concerning the World Bank.<br />
It was stated that the aim of the World Bank through policies is to achieve and maintain the stability of the value of the rupiah which focuses on inflation and the rupiah exchange rate. The World Bank is commonly known as the bank of bank.<br />
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The Duties of the Central Bank<br />
Whereas the task of the Central Bank in this case the World Bank which has been explained in Act No. 23 of 1999 are as follows:<br />
Arranging money circulation by determining and operating according to monetary policy.<br />
Make arrangements and encourage ease of payment and production systems.<br />
Duties of the Central Bank Relating to the Government<br />
Provision of credit to the government.<br />
Regulate government treasury.<br />
Assisting the auction process and selling government bonds.<br />
Circulate money as a legal payment instrument.<br />
Have full rights to the printing and production of money.<br />
Has the sole right to print money.<br />
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Duties of the Central Bank in Banking<br />
Determine interest rates.<br />
As a banker.<br />
Developing sound credit.<br />
Coaching all existing banks.<br />
Manage, control and expand the network and payment traffic.<br />
Conduct support and encourage people to run productive businesses.<br />
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Central Bank Authority<br />
World Bank's authority in the monetary sector, among others, are as follows:<br />
To conduct monetary control, namely: open market operations, setting a discount rate, setting a minimum reserve requirement, and arranging credit or financing.<br />
Determine monetary targets by considering the national inflation rate target.<br />
Control policies related to finance. The intended financial policies are:<br />
Application of discount policy.<br />
Application of minimum reserve requirement.<br />
Control of financing and credit.<br />
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Understanding financial management is quite diverse according to the party who interpret. According to Prof. Dr. Bambang Riyanto financial management is "all activities of the company concerned with the effort to get the funds needed by the company and businesses to use these funds as efficiently as possible". From the management aspect, this definition means that financial management involves the planning, analysis and control of the company's financial activities.Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-24388077221615872902019-11-15T20:51:00.002-08:002019-11-15T20:51:19.817-08:00Saving and Loan Cooperative<b>Saving and Loan Cooperative</b><br />
Cooperative is a form of legal entity that has long been known in Indonesia. The pioneer in the development of cooperatives in Indonesia is Bung Hatta, and to date he is very well known as the father of Indonesian Cooperatives.<br />
The cooperative is a collection of people who have common goals or interests. So surgery is the formation of a group of people who have a common goal. In general, the sources of cooperative funds are compulsory contributions, principal contributions, and voluntary contributions.<br />
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Insurance company<br />
In Indonesia, the definition of guarantee according to law Number 1 of 1992 concerning Insurance Business is as follows:<br />
Insurance or coverage is an agreement between two or more parties, with the insurer binding itself to the insured, by receiving insurance premiums, to provide compensation to the insured due to loss, damage or loss of expected profits, or legal liability to a third party that might suffer the insured, which arises from an uncertain event, or to provide a payment based on the death or life of an insured person.<br />
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Factoring<br />
Accounts receivable factoring company whose main activity is engaged in collecting receivables. Factoring companies can take over management of receivables either by managing or by purchasing and can also manage the administration of a company's receivables.<br />
Understanding factoring companies or better known by the name of factoring is a company whose activities are to collect and purchase, or take over or management of a company's debt and debts with certain company benefits or payments.<br />
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Venture Capital<br />
Venture capital companies that dare to make investments where the investment contains a high risk. This decision was made with a variety of considerations, of course, and this was in accordance with the intent and purpose of establishing a venture capital company, which was to invest in a business that contained high risks.<br />
Even though the risks faced are high, the venture capital side expects a high return from capital investment in the form of capital gains or dividends. Companies that finance venture capital are called Business Partner Companies (PPU) or investee companies.<br />
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Pension fund<br />
Understanding pension fund companies in general can be said to be a company that collects funds from employees of a company and provides income to pension participants in accordance with the agreement.<br />
Whereas according to Law number 11 of 1992 the Pension Fund is a legal entity that manages and runs programs that promise pension benefits. Thus it is clear that those who manage pension funds are companies that have legal entities such as commercial banks or life insurance.<br />
The definition of retirement is the right of a person to earn income after working for many years and has entered retirement age or there are other reasons in accordance with the agreed agreement.<br />
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Plastic Card (Credit Card)<br />
Plastic cards or better known as credit cards or plastic money that can replace the function of money as a means of payment. Besides that, this plastic card can also be used for various purposes so that its use becomes multi-functional.<br />
Plastic cards are cards issued by banks or non-bank institutions. This plastic card is given to customers to be used as a means of payment in various places that use ATMs (automated teller machines) such as shopping centers, entertainment and offices.<br />
The use of plastic cards in Indonesia is still relatively new, around the eighties. The issuance of the Minister of Finance Decree No. 1251 / KMK.013 / 1988 December 20th has changed the map of the distribution of plastic cards more widely. Based on the decree, the plastic card business is classified as a financing services business groupMek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-8362428767667420792019-11-15T20:50:00.002-08:002019-11-15T20:50:16.485-08:00Types Non-Bank Financial Institutions<b>Types Non-Bank Financial Institutions</b><br />
Non-bank Financial Institutions (LKBB) according to Law no. 10 of 1998 is a business entity that carries out an activity in the financial sector, which raises funds by issuing valuable paper and to channel it to pay for corporate investment.<br />
This institution was founded in 1973 based on Minister of Finance Decree No. Kep. 38 / MK / I / 1972 which published that these institutions could carry out the following efforts:<br />
raising funds by issuing temporary letters<br />
provide a medium-term credit<br />
enter into a temporary capital investment<br />
acting as an intermediary between Indonesian companies and government legal entities<br />
acting as an intermediary in getting participants or campaigns<br />
as an intermediary to get an expert and provide advice in accordance with the expertise to do other business in the financial sector.<br />
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Types of Non-Bank Financial Institutions<br />
Capital market<br />
In a narrow sense, market is a place where sellers and buyers meet to make transactions. This means that buyers and sellers meet immediately to make transactions in a certain location. The location or meeting place is the market. but in a broad sense the meaning of the market is a place to make transactions between buyers and sellers, where buyers and sellers do not have to meet in a place or meet directly, but can be done through existing information sources such as electronic means.<br />
Understanding the capital market in general is a meeting place for sellers and buyers to conduct transactions in order to obtain capital. Sellers in the capital market are companies that need capital (issuers), so they try to sell securities in the capital market. While the buyer (investor) is the party who wants to buy capital in a company that they think is profitable. The capital market is known as the stock exchange.<br />
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Money Market and Foreign Exchange Market<br />
The money market in Indonesia is still relatively new when compared to developed countries. But in today's world development, the financial market in Indonesia is also developing, although not as vibrant as the development of the capital market.<br />
As explained earlier that between the money market and the capital market there are quite clear differences such as the period of time for instruments traded, the place of sale and the purpose of the sellers and buyers of the two markets.<br />
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Pawnshop<br />
In general, the understanding of pawning business activities is to guarantee valuable items to certain parties, in order to obtain a certain amount of money and guaranteed items will be redeemed in accordance with the agreement between the customer and the pawning institution.<br />
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From the above understanding it can be concluded that the pawn business has the following characteristics:<br />
There are valuables that were pawned<br />
The value of the number of loans depends on the value of the mortgaged item<br />
Mortgaged goods can be redeemed<br />
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Leasing<br />
Leasing companies in Indonesia are better known as laesing. The main activity of a leasing company is engaged in financing for the purposes of capital goods desired by customers. Funding here means that if a customer needs capital goods, the leassing party can finance the desires of the nation according to the agreement agreed by both parties. The limitation of leasing is that it is not allowed to carry out activities carried out by banks such as providing deposits and credit in the form of money.<br />
Understanding leasing in general is an agreement between the lessor (leasing company) and the lessee (customer) where the lessor provides goods with usage rights by the lessee in exchange for lease payments for a certain period of time.Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-88785324604475092602019-11-15T20:49:00.002-08:002019-11-15T20:49:23.214-08:00Benefits of Financial Institutions<b>Benefits of Financial Institutions</b><br />
Pawnshop companies are useful for providing loans to those who need funds<br />
Useful to provide a guarantee of a risk that may occur in accordance with the services offered by the company<br />
Useful for providing welfare to company employees, especially those who have retired<br />
Useful to provide a loan to the community in terms of funding a consumption activity.<br />
Useful to provide a benefit to all members in terms of togetherness and the remaining business results.<br />
Financial institutions help channel funds from the household sector to borrowers that are unlimited and unknown to the owner of the fund with relatively lower transaction costs and information costs than if the borrower had to find and conduct transactions directly.<br />
Related to the role of financial institutions in reducing the possibility of the risk borne by the owner of the fund or saver. If the owner of the fund has deposited his money in the financial institution, the risk of not being paid back the deposit money will be reduced by the financial institution strategy for some fund allocations.<br />
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Types of Financial Institutions<br />
1. Bank Financial Institutions<br />
This type of institution consists of the Central Bank, Commercial Bank and Rural Credit Bank. Based on the Basic Banking Law No. 23 of 1998 there are two types of banks in Indonesia namely Commercial Banks and Rural Credit Banks.<br />
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Central Bank<br />
The Central Bank in Indonesia is held or implemented by Bank Indonesia. The main objective of Bank Indonesia as a central bank is to achieve and maintain stability in the value of the rupiah. To achieve these objectives, the Central Bank has the duty to establish and implement a monetary policy, regulate and maintain the smooth foreign exchange system and regulate and supervise the Bank.<br />
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commercial banks<br />
Commercial banks are banks that are able to provide services in the payment traffic, whereas in rural banks are banks that accept deposits only in the form of time deposits or other similar forms.<br />
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Rural Credit Bank (BPR)<br />
BPR is a bank financial institution that accepts deposits only in the form of time deposits, savings or other forms which are equalized and distribute funds as a business of the BPR. This BPR is a Bank specifically for serving small communities in an area, sub-district or village. Rural Credit Banks come from Village Banks, Lumbung Desa, Market Banks, Employee Banks and other Banks which are later merged into People's Credit Banks.<br />
Besides that, banks also conduct other supporting services. These services are provided to support the smooth collection and distribution of funds, both directly related to savings and credit activities or indirectly. Other banking services include:<br />
Money transfer services (Transfers)<br />
billing services (collections)<br />
clearing services<br />
Foreign currency sales services (Forex)<br />
safe deposit box services<br />
Travelers Check<br />
Bank Card<br />
Bank draft<br />
Letter of Credit (L / C)<br />
Bank Guarantee and Bank Reference<br />
As well as other bank services.<br />
So more and more variety of products offered are seen in terms of the ability of banks in terms of capital, management, and facilities they have.Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-41865321556524043112019-11-15T20:48:00.002-08:002019-11-15T20:48:43.859-08:00Wealth Storage, Transmutation and Payment Function<b>Wealth Storage, Transmutation and Payment Function</b><br />
Financial instruments that are traded on the money market and capital market provide a way to store wealth by holding the value of the assets owned in addition to receiving a certain amount of income. Stocks, bonds and other financial instruments that are traded on the capital market in the money market and the capital market promise an income with certain risks.<br />
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Wealth Transmutation Function<br />
Where financial institutions have assets in the form of promises of giving rewards to fund owners. The form of promises is basically financing / credit given to the deficit unit with a certain period in accordance with the needs and agreements. Financial institutions in financing these assets can be obtained by receiving deposits from savers (surplus units) whose time period is regulated by savers' needs.<br />
Financial institutions actually only transfer liabilities into assets with a maturity period in accordance with the wishes of savers. The process of transferring liabilities by financial institutions into assets is called wealth transmutation. In the sharia system the process of transmutation of wealth must be based on a contract / contract that is clear, transparent and legally sharia.<br />
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Payment Function<br />
The financial system provides a mechanism for transactions of goods and services. Available payment instruments include checks, current accounts, bilyet, credit cards, including clearing mechanisms in banking. With such payment and product mechanisms not only convenience is created but also the velocity of funds.<br />
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Financing or credit function<br />
In addition to providing liquidity and facilitating the flow of savings into investments in order to save wealth, the financial market provides financing or credit to finance consumption and economic investment needs. Consumers need financing or credit to buy things such as houses, cars, and so on.<br />
Whereas entrepreneurs use financing or credit facilities to buy goods for production purposes, build buildings, buy machinery, pay salaries or dividends to shareholders, and so on.<br />
Financial institutions are grouped into two, namely Bank Financial Institutions (LKB) and Non-Bank Financial Institutions (LKBB). The Difference between Bank Financial Institutions and Non-Bank Financial Institutions is:<br />
Financial obligations of LKB and LKBB, namely LKB liquidity in the form of money, while LKBB cannot be clarified as money.<br />
The ability of the two financial institutions to create credit and money, namely LKB has the ability to create credit, circulate money, and increase the money supply (JUB) through the multiplier effect of the money while the LKBB channeled funds to the public mainly through capital participation or investment investment financing.<br />
The role of financial institutions in an economy, namely:<br />
Relating to the role of financial institutions in the payment mechanism between economic actors as a result of their transactions, for example:<br />
A. Financial institutions (in this case the central bank) print rupiah money as a legal payment instrument intended to facilitate transactions between the public and in the macro economy.<br />
B. Financial institutions (in this case banks umu) issue checks intended to facilitate transactions conducted by their customers.<br />
Relating to the provision of facilities regarding the flow of funds from parties with excess funds to those who need funds, for example:<br />
Financial institutions can be brokers, brokers or dealers in a variety of assets whose role is to increase efficiency between the two parties.Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-85840939440289906792019-11-15T20:47:00.002-08:002019-11-15T20:47:33.805-08:00Understanding and Benefits of Financial Institutions<b>Understanding and Benefits of Financial Institutions</b><br />
Financial Institutions: Understanding, Benefits, Functions, And Types With Complete Examples - Do you know what is meant by financial institutions ?? A financial institution is an institution or business entity engaged in the financial sector to channel funds or to provide services to customers and has a function as a fund collector of customers. For more details here will be a full review of financial institutions. For that, let's look at the reviews below.<br />
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Definition of Financial Institutions<br />
A financial institution is a business entity that collects an asset in the form of funds from the public and is channeled to finance a development project and for economic activities by getting results in the form of interest at a certain percentage of the amount of funds channeled.<br />
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Understanding Financial Institutions According to Experts<br />
1. Article 1 of Law No. 14/1967 and replaced with Law No. 7/1992<br />
According to Article 1 of Law No. 14/1967 and replaced with Law No. 7/1992 states that a financial institution is a body or institution whose activities are to withdraw funds from the community which then distribute it to the community again.<br />
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2. RI Minister of Finance Decree no. 792 Th 1990<br />
According to the decree of the Minister of Finance RI no. 792 Th 1990 revealed that financial institutions are all business entities that are in a financial sector that conducts a collection of funds, channeling funds to the people who are most important in providing development investment costs.<br />
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3. Cashmere (2005: 9)<br />
According to Cashmere revealed that financial institutions are for all companies that are in the financial sector where an activity is, or just raising funds or just to channel funds or maybe both.<br />
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4. Dahlan Siamat<br />
According to Dahlan Siamat revealed that a financial institution is a business entity whose wealth is primarily in the form of a financial asset compared to a nonfinancial asset or Real asset.<br />
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5. Ahmad Rodoni<br />
According to Ahmad Rodoni revealed that a financial institution is a business entity whose wealth is mainly in a form of financial assets and non-financial assets.<br />
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Function of Financial Institutions<br />
Functioning to facilitate the exchange of products (goods and services) using money and credit instruments.<br />
Serves to collect funds from the public in the form of savings and distribute it to the community in the form of loans. Or in other words, Financial Institutions raise funds from parties who are excess funds and distribute it to those who are underfunded.<br />
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Serves to provide knowledge and information, namely:<br />
The Financial Institution carries out a task as an expert in the economic and credit analysis for one's own interests and other interests (customers).<br />
Financial Institutions are obliged to disseminate information and activities that are useful and beneficial for their customers.<br />
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Giving guarantees.<br />
Financial institutions can provide a legal and moral guarantee regarding the security of public funds entrusted to these financial institutions.<br />
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Creating and providing liquidity<br />
Financial institutions can provide confidence to the client that the funds deposited will be returned when needed or when due.<br />
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Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-76104361732594468902019-11-15T06:47:00.002-08:002019-11-15T06:47:19.278-08:00Definition of Social and Cultural Interaction<b>Definition of Social and Cultural Interaction</b><br />
The Most Complete Definition of Social and Cultural Interaction According to Experts and Examples<br />
Humans are never separated from social activities and cultural activities because humans can not live individually. What is social interaction? and what is culture?<br />
below is the understanding of complete social and cultural interaction and examples.<br />
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Definition of Social Interaction According to Experts<br />
According to Macionis<br />
According to experts named Macionis that Social Interaction is an action and reaction (Reply to action) that someone does in communicating with others.<br />
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According to Broom and Selznic<br />
Then experts named Broom and Selznic also stated that Social Interaction means a process of action that is based on the awareness of the presence of others, or in other words, the process of adjusting actions (responses) in accordance with the actions of others.<br />
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According to Kimball Young and Raymond W. Mack<br />
He explained that Social Interaction is a dynamically established social relationship that is still related to relationships between individuals or with groups, or between groups with other groups.<br />
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According to Soerjono Soekanto<br />
He argues that Social Interaction is where the process of communication is seen in terms of individuals with social groups meeting each other then determining the system and social relations.<br />
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According to Gilin<br />
Gilin revealed that Social Interaction is a variety of social relationships that are dynamically related to relationships between individuals or groups against other groups.<br />
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According to Homans<br />
Homans explains about Social Interaction is a condition where the activities carried out by someone against other individuals who are given a reward or a punishment by using an action against his partner.<br />
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Understanding Social Interaction According to Astrid. S. Susanti<br />
He also revealed that Social Interaction is a human relationship with other human beings so as to create a permanent relationship and then in the end the social structure is formed. From the results of these interactions depend on the Value and meaning and interpretation obtained from other parties who are still involved from the Interaction.<br />
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Understanding Social Interaction According to Bonner<br />
Social Interaction, namely a relationship to 2 or more individuals who influence, change or improve the attitude of other individuals or vice versa.<br />
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Understanding Social Interaction According to Dr. Gerungan<br />
Interaction is a relationship between two or more individuals where the usefulness of one individual can influence, improve or change the nature of another individual or vice versa.<br />
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Three types of individual environmental relationships (Woodworth)<br />
Individuals conflict with the environment.<br />
If the individual feels himself in conflict with his environment.<br />
Example: individuals come from urban areas in the absence of social norms and values that are familial and conflicting with rural communities.<br />
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Individuals make use of the environment.<br />
If individuals feel they can provide benefits for their environment and for their development.<br />
Example: A doctor who has a job in a place where the community is very dynamic and very well organized also has a good community service program, so that the doctor can run the MCH program according to the local situation.<br />
Individuals participate in environmental activities. When he feels mafaat for the environment and himself.<br />
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Characteristics of Social Interaction<br />
1. The number of perpetrators is more than one person<br />
2. The occurrence of communication between the perpetrators through social contact<br />
3. Having a clear purpose or goal<br />
4. Implemented through a certain social system pattern<br />
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Conditions for Social Interaction<br />
Social contact<br />
A relationship between one party and another party is also the beginning of social relations and each party reacts with each other even though they do not have to touch in physical form.<br />
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Communication<br />
Hang out or connect with others verbally or in writing alternately.<br />
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Cultural Definition<br />
The word culture itself comes from the Sanskrit "budhayyah" which means reason or mind, or anything that has a relationship with mind or reason. According to EB Taylor, culture is a group that encompasses art, knowledge, culture, customs, morals, habits and abilities obtained by humans as a group of people.<br />
Cultural Anthropology is from all systems of ideas, actions, and results of human work in social life. According to Selo Sumarjan and Soelaiman Sumarjan culture is all works, tastes, inventions of human results.<br />
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Cultural Elements<br />
Melville JH<br />
Technological tools<br />
Family<br />
Economic system<br />
Political domination<br />
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Culture<br />
Abstract nature (IDEAS)<br />
Cannot be touched in the minds of the citizens of the community where the residents live.<br />
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Patterned actions (ACTIVITIES)<br />
Patterned actions of their own human beings, human activities at all times, interacting with each other, having relationships, having a pattern of association in accordance with customary rules of conduct.<br />
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Artwork (ARTIFACT)<br />
Does not require too much explanation because all the results of activities (physical), work, human actions in nature and society (can be touched and seen)<br />
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Cultural Function<br />
The needs of the community are largely dominated by culture that is dotted in the community itself. Influence of Individuals by culture: Individuals cannot live alone but associate with others and need others, and create mutual influence.Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-45156528729726884392019-11-15T06:39:00.002-08:002019-11-15T06:39:24.480-08:00The Role of Education for Human Life<b>The Role of Education for Human Life</b><br />
Definition of Education<br />
Education is an attempt by an adult towards other parties who are not yet mature to reach maturity. With the intention of education is a way in which more focused relationships on the relationship between students and educators. Participants are interpreted as adults who are not adults, and educators are interpreted as more mature people. Thus education cannot stand without these two aspects.<br />
With the aim and understanding of education in accordance with the two things above, it can be interpreted that education has a very large function and role, both for oneself, the environment, society, nation, religion, as explained below:<br />
Realizing Individuals who are Ta'at and devoted to God<br />
Based on the Indonesian state which is in the first precept of Pancasila, which is almighty divinity, education has a role in creating obedient individuals in religion and devotion to God Almighty with the aim of carrying out all His commands and knowing all His prohibitions.<br />
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Realizing Individuals who are ethical and moral<br />
In the second precept in Pancasila, the important role of education in our country Indonesia is as a form of individuals and communities who have self-control, moral, responsibility, and have good morals.<br />
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Printing Smart and Creative Young Generation<br />
Education has a role in educating the younger generation, not only that but must be able to develop the potential in each individual. Without an educator, the generation withers away and is weak.<br />
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Develop a Critical and Dynamic Mindset<br />
Education is also not only to produce young people who excel, but to develop a dynamic and critical mindset, so they can determine what is better and what is bad based on conscience and reason.<br />
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Establish a Healthy Personality Physical and Spiritual<br />
Education is also not spared from real effort as a form of individuals who have a healthy personality, both spiritual and jasmami. Thus, education teaches that individuals can take care of their mental and mental health. and liver health of a despicable nature.<br />
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Creating Individuals Who Are Able To Socialize Well In Society<br />
Education as the main basis for socializing, that is, homosexual humans, meaning beings who cannot live without the participation and role of others. Education also has a role as an individual creator who can socialize well in society.<br />
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Creating a Unified Society<br />
By virtue of the third precepts on Pancasila and Bhenika Tunggal Ika, education moves the collar of each individual to unite with each other regardless of religion, type, ethnicity, social status, descent and tradition.<br />
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Realizing Individuals Who Love and Care About the Environment<br />
The environment is also needed in life, because if the environment is friendly it can affect the peace in communicating the environment. For this reason, in every educational process that is always taught to students to be able to love and care for the environment around them.<br />
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Creating a Peaceful and Happy Society<br />
Education also has a role as a creator of a peaceful, happy and peaceful atmosphere of the community, where each individual in the community understands and understands, tolerates each other, respects and respects each other, and loves one another with love for the formation of a strong moral foundation.Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2810119719283083458.post-63600639257194375272019-11-15T06:38:00.002-08:002019-11-15T06:38:52.665-08:00The Function and Role of Education in Society<b>The Function and Role of Education in Society</b><br />
Discussing the role and function of education in society there are various kinds of opinions. Wuradji, stated that education as a conservative lemaga has the following functions.<br />
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Welcoming the Shining Future of a Country<br />
A country has a future that lies in its young generation, withdrawing or advancing a country depending on the younger generation. Meanwhile, to realize the ideals of becoming a more developed and better country, education is one of the focal points in this regard. The young generation can become the next generation who are superior depending on how education will be applied. This is where education is so important to influence the quality of a country in the future.<br />
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The function of socialization<br />
Social control function<br />
The function of community cultural preservation<br />
The function of training and workforce development<br />
Selection and allocation functions,<br />
The function of education and social change<br />
The function of cultural reproduction<br />
The function of cultural diffusion,<br />
Social improvement function<br />
Social modification function.<br />
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Jeane H. Ballantine (1983) states that the function of education in society is as follows<br />
socialization function<br />
selection, training and allocation functions<br />
the function of innovation and social change<br />
personal and social development functions.<br />
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Meta Spencer and Alec Inkeles (1982) state that the function of education in society is as follows<br />
transferring cultural values<br />
teaching values<br />
increased social mobility<br />
stratification function<br />
position training<br />
develop and strengthen social relations<br />
form the spirit of nationalism, (8) baby sitters.<br />
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Of the three opinions mentioned above, there is no difference but is complementary between one opinion and another:<br />
Socialization Function<br />
Education is expected to have a role in the process of socialization in the community can carry out its functions properly, so that the socialization process can run smoothly and smoothly. Therefore, parents and families hope that the school can carry out the process as well as possible. In this institution the teacher acts as a model and can carry out the mandate of the parents (family and community) so that students can understand and adopt values that can be applied in the future.<br />
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Control Function<br />
Schools in providing values and loyalty to the order to the community must function for school service institutions in order to exercise social control. Through such education, individuals can take on social values and interact with their daily lives.<br />
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Function of Community Cultural Preservation<br />
Besides having a function and task to unite diverse ethical cultures, schools must also preserve local cultural values that can still be maintained, for example arts, local languages, character and efforts to utilize local resources for the public interest and so on.<br />
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Functions of Education and Social Change<br />
The role and function of education in social change to be able to improve the ability of students who are critical analysis role to instill new beliefs and values in the way of human thinking. Education in modern times has succeeded in creating a new generation with creative power and can think critically, attitudes are not easy in the existing situation and attitudes that are responsive to change. This method will be able to break away from dependence on the help of others. Thus students besides being able to understand social change can also be agents of change itself.<br />
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School Functions in Society<br />
Regarding the existence of three forms of education namely formal education, informal education and non-formal education. Formal education is also called school. Therefore the school is not the only institution that organizes education but there are still other institutions that also organize education. Schools as education providers have two functions, namely as community partners and as producers of labor. Schools as community partners will be influenced by the style of one's experience in the community.Mek Doooonaaalllhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02335664266491381702noreply@blogger.com